Name | Constitutional form | Head of state |
Basis of executive legitimacy
|
Afghanistan | Republic | Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature
|
Albania | Republic | Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Algeria | Republic | Executive |
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Andorra | Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Angola | Republic | Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature
|
Antigua and Barbuda | Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Argentina | Republic | Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature
|
Armenia | Republic | Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Australia | Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Austria | Republic | Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Azerbaijan | Republic | Executive |
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Bahamas, The | Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Bahrain | Constitutional monarchy | Executive |
Monarch personally exercises power in concert with other institutions
|
Bangladesh | Republic | Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Barbados | Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Belarus | Republic | Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature
|
Belgium | Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Belize | Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Benin | Republic | Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature
|
Bhutan | Constitutional monarchy | Executive |
Monarch personally exercises power in concert with other institutions
|
Bolivia | Republic | Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina | Republic | Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Botswana | Republic | Executive |
Presidency is elected by legislature; ministry may be, or not be, subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Brazil | Republic | Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature
|
Brunei | Absolute monarchy | Executive |
All authority vested in absolute monarch
|
Bulgaria | Republic | Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Burkina Faso | Republic | Executive |
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Burundi | Republic | Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature
|
Cambodia | Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Cameroon | Republic | Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature
|
Canada | Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Cape Verde | Republic | Executive |
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Central African Republic | Republic | Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature
|
Chad | Republic | Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature
|
Chile | Republic | Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature
|
China, People’s Republic of | Republic | Ceremonial |
Power constitutionally linked to a single political movement[note 1]
|
Colombia | Republic | Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature
|
Comoros | Republic | Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature
|
Congo, Democratic Republic of the | Republic | Executive |
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Congo, Republic of the | Republic | Executive |
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Costa Rica | Republic | Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature
|
Côte d’Ivoire | Republic | Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature
|
Croatia | Republic | Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Cuba | Republic | Executive |
Power constitutionally linked to a single political movement
|
Cyprus | Republic | Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature
|
Czech Republic | Republic | Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Denmark | Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Djibouti | Republic | Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature
|
Dominica | Republic | Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Dominican Republic | Republic | Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature
|
East Timor | Republic | Executive |
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Ecuador | Republic | Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature
|
Egypt | Republic | Executive |
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
El Salvador | Republic | Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature
|
Equatorial Guinea | Republic | Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature
|
Eritrea | Republic | Executive |
Power constitutionally linked to a single political movement
|
Estonia | Republic | Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Eswatini | Absolute monarchy | Executive |
All authority vested in absolute monarch
|
Ethiopia | Republic | Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Federated States of Micronesia | Republic | Executive |
Presidency is elected by legislature; ministry may be, or not be, subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Fiji | Republic | Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Finland | Republic | Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
France | Republic | Executive |
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Gabon | Republic | Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature
|
Gambia, The | Republic | Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature
|
Georgia | Republic | Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Germany | Republic | Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Ghana | Republic | Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature
|
Greece | Republic | Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Grenada | Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Guatemala | Republic | Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature
|
Guinea | Republic | Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature
|
Guinea-Bissau | Republic | Executive |
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Guyana | Republic | Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature
|
Haiti | Republic | Executive |
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Honduras | Republic | Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature
|
Hungary | Republic | Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Iceland | Republic | Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
India | Republic | Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Indonesia | Republic | Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature
|
Iran | Republic | Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature
|
Iraq | Republic | Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Ireland | Republic | Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Israel | Republic | Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Italy | Republic | Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Jamaica | Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Japan | Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Jordan | Constitutional monarchy | Executive |
Monarch personally exercises power in concert with other institutions
|
Kazakhstan | Republic | Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature
|
Kenya | Republic | Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature
|
Kiribati | Republic | Executive |
Presidency is elected by legislature; ministry may be, or not be, subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Korea, North | Republic | Executive |
Power constitutionally linked to a single political movement
|
Korea, South | Republic | Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature
|
Kuwait | Constitutional monarchy | Executive |
Monarch personally exercises power in concert with other institutions
|
Kyrgyzstan | Republic | Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Laos | Republic | Executive |
Power constitutionally linked to a single political movement
|
Latvia | Republic | Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Lebanon | Republic | Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Lesotho | Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Liberia | Republic | Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature
|
Libya | Provisional | n/a |
No constitutionally-defined basis to current regime
|
Liechtenstein | Constitutional monarchy | Executive |
Monarch personally exercises power in concert with other institutions
|
Lithuania | Republic | Executive |
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Luxembourg | Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Madagascar | Republic | Executive |
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Malawi | Republic | Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature
|
Malaysia | Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Maldives | Republic | Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature
|
Mali | Provisional | n/a |
No constitutionally-defined basis to current regime
|
Malta | Republic | Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Marshall Islands | Republic | Executive |
Presidency is elected by legislature; ministry may be, or not be, subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Mauritania | Republic | Executive |
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Mauritius | Republic | Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Mexico | Republic | Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature
|
Moldova | Republic | Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Monaco | Constitutional monarchy | Executive |
Monarch personally exercises power in concert with other institutions
|
Mongolia | Republic | Executive |
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Montenegro | Republic | Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Morocco | Constitutional monarchy | Executive |
Monarch personally exercises power in concert with other institutions
|
Mozambique | Republic | Executive |
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Myanmar | Provisional | n/a |
No constitutionally-defined basis to current regime
|
Namibia | Republic | Executive |
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Nauru | Republic | Executive |
Presidency is elected by legislature; ministry may be, or not be, subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Nepal | Republic | Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Netherlands | Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
New Zealand | Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Nicaragua | Republic | Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature
|
Niger | Republic | Executive |
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Nigeria | Republic | Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature
|
North Macedonia | Republic | Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Norway | Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Oman | Absolute monarchy | Executive |
All authority vested in absolute monarch
|
Pakistan | Republic | Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Palau | Republic | Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature
|
Palestine | Republic | Executive |
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Panama | Republic | Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature
|
Papua New Guinea | Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Paraguay | Republic | Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature
|
Peru | Republic | Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature
|
Philippines | Republic | Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature
|
Poland | Republic | Executive |
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Portugal | Republic | Executive |
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Qatar | Absolute monarchy | Executive |
All authority vested in absolute monarch
|
Romania | Republic | Executive |
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Russia | Republic | Executive |
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Rwanda | Republic | Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature
|
Saint Kitts and Nevis | Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Saint Lucia | Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Samoa | Republic | Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
San Marino | Republic | Executive |
Presidency is elected by legislature; ministry may be, or not be, subject to parliamentary confidence
|
São Tomé and Príncipe | Republic | Executive |
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Saudi Arabia | Absolute monarchy | Executive |
All authority vested in absolute monarch
|
Senegal | Republic | Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature
|
Serbia | Republic | Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Seychelles | Republic | Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature
|
Sierra Leone | Republic | Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature
|
Singapore | Republic | Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Slovakia | Republic | Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Slovenia | Republic | Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Solomon Islands | Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Somalia | Republic | Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
South Africa | Republic | Executive |
Presidency is elected by legislature; ministry may be, or not be, subject to parliamentary confidence
|
South Sudan | Republic | Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature
|
Spain | Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Sri Lanka | Republic | Executive |
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Sudan | Provisional | n/a |
No constitutionally-defined basis to current regime
|
Suriname | Republic | Executive |
Presidency is elected by legislature; ministry may be, or not be, subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Sweden | Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Switzerland | Republic | Executive |
Presidency is elected by legislature; ministry may be, or not be, subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Syria | Republic | Executive |
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Tajikistan | Republic | Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature
|
Tanzania | Republic | Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature
|
Thailand | Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Togo | Republic | Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature
|
Tonga | Constitutional monarchy | Executive |
Monarch personally exercises power in concert with other institutions
|
Trinidad and Tobago | Republic | Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Tunisia | Republic | Executive |
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Turkey | Republic | Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature
|
Turkmenistan | Republic | Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature
|
Tuvalu | Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Uganda | Republic | Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature
|
Ukraine | Republic | Executive |
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
United Arab Emirates | Constitutional monarchy | Executive |
Monarch personally exercises power in concert with other institutions
|
United Kingdom | Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
United States | Republic | Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature
|
Uruguay | Republic | Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature
|
Uzbekistan | Republic | Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature
|
Vanuatu | Republic | Ceremonial |
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
|
Vatican City | Absolute monarchy | Executive |
All authority vested in absolute monarch
|
Venezuela | Republic | Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature
|
Vietnam | Republic | Executive |
Power constitutionally linked to a single political movement
|
Yemen | Provisional | n/a |
No constitutionally-defined basis to current regime
|
Zambia | Republic | Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature
|
Zimbabwe | Republic | Executive |
Presidency is independent of legislature
|
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_system_of_government